3G – kua hurihia e te whatunga pūkoro o te reanga tuatoru te huarahi e whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ai tātou mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu pūkoro. Kua whakarei ake ngā whatunga 4G me ngā tere raraunga pai ake me te wheako kaiwhakamahi. Ka taea e te 5G te whakarato i te whānui waea pūkoro tae atu ki te 10 gigabits ia hekona i te wā poto o ētahi mirihekona.
He aha ngā rerekētanga matua i waenga i te 4G me te 5G?
Tere
Mō te 5G, ko te tere te mea tuatahi e tino hiahia ana te katoa ki tēnei hangarau. Ka taea e te hangarau matatau LTE te tere raraunga tae atu ki te 1 GBPS i runga i ngā whatunga 4G. Ka tautokohia e te hangarau 5G te tere raraunga tae atu ki te 5 ki te 10 GBPS i runga i ngā taputapu pūkoro, ā, neke atu i te 20 GBPS i te wā whakamātautau.
Ka taea e te 5G te tautoko i ngā tono raraunga nui pēnei i te rerema pāpāho 4K HD, te mooni whakanui (AR) me ngā tono mooni mariko (VR). Hei tāpiri, mā te whakamahi i ngā ngaru mirimita, ka taea te whakanui ake i te tere raraunga ki runga ake i te 40 GBPS, tae atu ki te 100 GBPS i ngā whatunga 5G a meake nei.
He whānui ake te whānuitanga o ngā ngaru mirimita ki te whakataurite ki ngā whānuitanga o ngā ngaru mirimita iti iho e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā hangarau 4G. Mēnā he nui ake te whānuitanga o ngā ngaru mirimita, ka taea te whakatutuki i te tere raraunga teitei ake.
Whakaroa
Ko te whakaroa te kupu e whakamahia ana i roto i te hangarau whatunga hei ine i te whakaroa o ngā mōkihi tohu e tae atu ana mai i tētahi pūnga ki tētahi atu. I roto i ngā whatunga pūkoro, ka taea te whakaahua ko te wā e pau ana i ngā tohu reo irirangi ki te haere mai i te teihana turanga ki ngā taputapu pūkoro (UE) me te hurihanga.
Kei waenganui i te 200 ki te 100 mirihekona te roa o te whakaroa o te whatunga 4G. I te wā whakamātautau 5G, i taea e ngā kaihangarau te whakatutuki me te whakaatu i tētahi whakaroa iti iho o te 1 ki te 3 mirihekona. He mea nui te whakaroa iti i roto i ngā tono maha, nō reira he pai te hangarau 5G mō ngā tono whakaroa iti.
Hei tauira: ngā waka taraiwa-ake, te pokanga mamao, te whakahaere i te waka rererangi kore utu me ētahi atu…
Hangarau Matatau
Hei whakatutuki i ngā ratonga tino tere me te iti o te whakaroa, me whakamahi e te 5G ngā kupu whatunga matatau pēnei i ngā ngaru mirimita, te MIMO, te hanga hihi, te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero mai i te pūrere ki te pūrere, me te aratau takirua katoa.
Ko te tango i te ahokore Wi-Fi tētahi atu tikanga e whakaarohia ana i roto i te 5G hei whakanui ake i te pai o ngā raraunga me te whakaiti i te kawenga ki ngā teihana turanga. Ka taea e ngā taputapu pūkoro te hono atu ki tētahi LAN ahokore e wātea ana, ā, ka taea te mahi i ngā mahi katoa (reo me ngā raraunga) hei utu mō te hono atu ki ngā teihana turanga.
Ko te hangarau matatau o te 4G me te LTE e whakamahi ana i ngā tikanga whakarerekētanga pēnei i te Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) me te Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (QPSK). Hei whakakore i ētahi o ngā herenga o ngā kaupapa whakarerekētanga 4G, ko te tikanga Higher Amplitude Phase-Shift Keying tētahi o ngā mea e whakaarohia ana mō te hangarau 5G.
Hanganga whatunga
I ngā whakatupuranga o mua o ngā whatunga pūkoro, kei tata ngā Whatunga Urunga Reo Irirangi ki te teihana turanga. He uaua ngā RAN tuku iho, e hiahiatia ana he hanganga utu nui, he tiaki ā-wā, ā, he iti noa te whai huatanga.
Ka whakamahia e te hangarau 5G te Whatunga Urunga Reo Irirangi Kapua (C-RAN) kia pai ake ai te whai huatanga. Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere whatunga te whakarato ipurangi tino tere mai i tētahi whatunga urunga reo irirangi pokapū e hangai ana ki te kapua.
Ipurangi o ngā Mea
Ko te Ipurangi o ngā Mea tētahi atu kupu nui e kōrerohia ana mō te hangarau 5G. Ka hono te 5G i ngā piriona taputapu me ngā pūoko atamai ki te ipurangi. Kāore i rite ki te hangarau 4G, ka taea e te whatunga 5G te whakahaere i te nui o ngā raraunga mai i ngā tono maha pēnei i te kāinga atamai, te IoT ahumahi, te hauora atamai, ngā tāone atamai me ētahi atu…
Ko tētahi atu whakamahinga nui o te 5G ko te momo whakawhitiwhiti kōrero mīhini-ki-mīhini. Ka whakahaerehia ngā rori o te heke mai e ngā waka motuhake mā te awhina o ngā ratonga 5G matatau me te iti o te whakaroa.
Ka whakatinanahia ngā tono Whatunga Whaiti – Ipurangi o Ngā Mea (NB – IoT) pēnei i te rama atamai, ngā mita atamai, me ngā otinga waka atamai, ka whakamahia te whatunga 5G hei mahere huarere.
Ngā otinga tino pono
Ki te whakaritea ki te 4G, ka tukuna e ngā taputapu 5G o āpōpō he otinga hono tonu, tino pono, me te tino whai hua. Nō nā tata nei i huraina e Qualcomm tā rātou pouwhanga 5G mō ngā taputapu atamai me ngā rorohiko whaiaro o āpōpō.
Ka taea e te 5G te whakahaere i te nui o ngā raraunga mai i ngā piriona taputapu, ā, ka taea te whakawhanui i te whatunga mō ngā whakapai ake. He iti noa iho ngā herenga o te 4G me ngā whatunga LTE o nāianei mō te nui o ngā raraunga, te tere, te whakaroa me te whakawhanuitanga o te whatunga. Ka taea e ngā hangarau 5G te whakatika i ēnei take me te whakarato i ngā otinga utu-pai ki ngā kaiwhakarato ratonga me ngā kaiwhakamahi mutunga.
Wā tuku: Pipiri-21-2022